Fischer’s Fate with Fatalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v9i4.2027Abstract
John Martin Fischer’s core project in Our Fate (2016) is to develop and defend Pike-style arguments for theological incompatibilism, i. e., for the view that divine omniscience is incompatible with human free will. Against Ockhamist attacks on such arguments, Fischer maintains that divine forebeliefs constitute so-called hard facts about the times at which they occur, or at least facts with hard ‘kernel elements’. I reconstruct Fischer’s argument and outline its structural analogies with an argument for logical fatalism. I then point out some of the costs of Fischer’s reasoning that come into focus once we notice that the set of hard facts is closed under entailment.References
Adams, Marilyn McCord. 1967. ‘Is the Existence of God a “Hard” Fact?’ The Philosophical Review, 76: 492–503, reprinted in Fischer 1989a: 74–85. doi:10.2307/2183285.
Finch, Alicia. 2017. ‘Logical Fatalism’, in The Routledge Companion to Free Will, ed. Kevin Timpe, Megan Griffith, and Neil Levy, 191-202. New York: Routledge.
Finch, Alicia, and Michael C. Rea. 2008. ‘Presentism and Ockham’s Way Out’, Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion 1, ed. Jonathan Kvanvig, New York: Oxford University Press: 1–17.
Finch, Alicia, and Ted Warfield. 1999. ‘Fatalism: Logical and Theological’, Faith and Philosophy, 16: 233–38. doi:10.5840/faithphil199916218.
Fischer, John Martin. 1983. ‘Freedom and Foreknowledge’, The Philosophical Review, 92: 67–79, reprinted in, and quoted from, Fischer 1989a: 86–96. doi:10.2307/2184522.
—. 1986. ‘Hard-Type Soft Facts’, The Philosophical Review, 95: 591–601. doi: 10.2307/2185052.
Fischer, John Martin (ed.). 1989a. God, Foreknowledge, and Freedom (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).
Fischer, John Martin. 1989b. ‘Introduction’. In Fischer 1989a.
Fischer, John Martin, and Patrick Todd (eds.). 2015. Freedom, Fatalism, and Foreknowledge (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Fischer, John Martin. 2016. Our Fate (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Geach, Peter. 1977. Providence and Evil (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Hasker, William. 1989. God, Time, and Knowledge (Cornell: Cornell University Press).
Hoffman, Joshua, and Gary Rosenkrantz. 1980. ‘On Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom’, Philosophical Studies, 37: 289–96, reprinted in Fischer 1989a, 123–35. doi:10.1007/BF00372450.
Jäger, Christoph. 2011. ‘Molina on Foreknowledge and Transfer of Necessities’, in God, Eternity, and Time, ed. Christian Tapp and Edmund Runggaldier (Aldershot: Ashgate), 81-96.
Jäger, Christoph. 2013. ‘Molinism and Theological Compatibilism’, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 5: 71–92. doi:10.24204/ejpr.v5i1.249.
Mackie, Penelope. 2003. ‘Fatalism, Incompatibilism, and the Power To Do Otherwise’, Nous, 37: 672–89, reprinted in Fischer and Todd 2015, 128–46. doi:10.1046/j.1468-0068.2003.00455.x.
Pendergraft, Garrett, and D. Justin Coates. 2014. ‘No (New) Troubles with Ockhamism’, Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion 5, ed. Jonathan Kvanvig, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 185-208.
Pike, Nelson. 1965. ‘Divine Omniscience and Voluntary Action’, The Philosophical Review, 74: 27–46, reprinted in Fischer 1989a, 57–73. doi:10.2307/2183529.
Plantinga, Alvin. 1986. ‘On Ockham’s Way Out’, Faith and Philosophy, 3: 235–69, reprinted in Fischer 1989a, 178–215. doi:10.5840/faithphil19863322.
Taylor, Richard. 1962. ‘Fatalism’, The Philosophical Review, 71: 56–66. doi:10.2307/2183681.
Todd, Patrick. 2011. ‘Geachianism’, Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion, 3, ed. Jonathan L. Kvanvig, (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 222–51, reprinted in Fischer and Todd, 2015: 247–275.
Todd, Patrick. 2013. ‘Soft Facts and Ontological Dependence’, Philosophical Studies 164: 829–44. doi:10.1007/s11098-012-9917-4.
Todd, Patrick, and John Martin Fischer. 2015. ‘Introduction’, in Fischer and Todd 2015: 1–38.
Widerker, David. 1989. ‘Two Fallacious Objections to Adams’s Soft/Hard Fact Distinction’, Philosophical Studies, 57: 103–07. doi:10.1007/BF00355665.