Prospects for Panentheism as Research Program
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v11i1.2619Abstract
Panentheism is best understood as a philosophical research program. Identifying the core of the research program offers a strong response to the demarcation objection. It also helps focus both objections to and defenses of panentheism — and to show why common objections are not actually criticisms of the position we are defending. The paper also addresses two common criticisms: the alleged inadequacy of panentheism’s double “in” specification of the relationship between God and world, and the “double God” objection. Once the research program framework is in place, topics like these become opportunities for panentheists to engage in the kind of careful constructive work in theology and philosophy — historical, analytic, and systematic — that is required for making long-term, positive contributions to our field.
References
Biernacki, Loriliai and Philip Clayton, eds. 2013. Panentheism Across the World’s Traditions. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
Burns, Elizabeth. 2019. “How to prove the existence of God: An argument for conjoined panentheism”. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 85, no. 1: 5–21.
Clayton, Philip. 1989. “Disciplining Relativism and Truth”. Zygon 24, no. 3: 315–34. doi:10.1111/j.1467–9744.1989.tb00981.x.
— . 1997. God and Contemporary Physics. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
— . 1989. Explanation from Physics to Theology: An Essay in Rationality and Religion. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
— . 2011. “‘Open Panentheism’ and Creation as Kenosis”. In Adventures in the Spirit: God, World, Divine Action, 175–184. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
— . 2010. “Panentheisms East and West”. Sophia 49, no. 2: 183–91. doi:10.1007/s11841–010–0181–9.
— . 2009. “Spinoza’s Religious Monism: Recognizing the Religious”. In The Enlightenment and Religion, Nathan Jacobs. Notre Dame: Univ. of Notre Dame Press.
— . 2009. “The Hiddenness of God in Spinoza: A Case Study in Transcendence and Immanence, Absence and Presence”. In The Presence and Absence of God, edited by Ingolf Dalferth. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
Clayton, Philip, and Stephen Knapp. 2011. The Predicament of Belief: Science, Philosophy, Faith Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press.
Cooper, John. 2006. Panentheism — The Other God of the Philosophers: From Plato to the Present. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Gasser, Georg. 2019. “God’s Omnipresence in the World: On Possible Meanings of ‘en’ in Panentheism”. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 85, no. 1: 43–62. doi:10.1007/s11153–018–9695–9.
Göcke, Benedikt Paul. 2013. “Panentheism and Classical Theism”. Sophia 52, no. 1: 61–75. doi:10.1007/s11841–011–0292-y.
— . 2018. The Panentheism of Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832): From Transcendental Philosophy to Metaphysics. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Göcke, Benedikt Paul. 2015. “There Is No Panentheistic Paradigm”. The Heythrop Journal. doi:10.1111/heyj.12314.
Gregersen, Niels, ed. 2015. Incarnation: On the Scope and Depth of Christology. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
Lakatos, Imre. 1978. Philosophical Papers, 2 Volumes. Edited by John Worrall and Gregory Currie. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Lataster, Raphael. 2014. “The Attractiveness of Panentheism — A Reply to Benedikt Paul Göcke”. Sophia 53, no. 3: 389–95. doi:10.1007/s11841–014–0436-y.
—. 2015. “Theists Misrepresenting Panentheism — Another Reply to Benedikt Paul Göcke”. Sophia 54, no. 1: 93–8. doi:10.1007/s11841–014–0456–7.
Lipton, Peter. 2004. Inference to the Best Explanation, Second Edition. London: Routledge.
Moltmann, Jürgen. 1985. God in Creation: An Ecological Doctrine of Creation. London: SCM.
Mullins, R.T. 2016. “The Difficulty with Demarcating Panentheism”. Sophia 55, no. 3: 325–46. doi:10.1007/s11841–015–0497–6.
Stenmark, Mikael. 2019. “Panentheism and its neighbors”. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 85, no. 1: 23–41. doi:10.1007/s11153–018–9687–9.
Suchocki, Marjorie. 1989. God, Christ, Church: A Practical Guide to Process Theology, New Revised Edition. New York: Crossroad Publishing.
Tillich, Paul. 1956. Systematic Theology, Volume I. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Press.
Oord, Thomas J., ed. 2014. Theologies of Creation: Creatio ex Nihilo and its New Rivals. New York: Routledge.